Our Emotions Diary

Identifying and measuring our emotions is difficult because it is not easy to objectively assess what we are feeling at that specific situation for emotions are subjective experiences. To accurately identify the range of our emotions and to classify it correctly takes greater control and self-awareness that I could not possibly muster. I have tried to identify the emotions based on the situations that triggered it. The James-Lange theory of emotion said that we first have physiological responses to a situation and only then will we interpret those experiences to determine the present emotion (Zajonc & McIntosh, 1992).Which is actually how most of us respond to an situation, like when I knew I felt anxious because I was feeling uneasy by getting late for class. On the other hand, I also felt confused on whether I got it mixed up; whether I experienced the situation and then the physiological arousal together with the emotion occurred at the same time, the Cannon-Bard theory supports t his explanation although they did not give much importance to the thoughts that occur during that experience (Stein, Trabasso & Liwag, 1993).Although, we get to experience a myriad of emotions and in varying degrees, some emotions are easier to identify like happiness and anger, while differentiating being upset from being sad is difficult. I could categorize it according to whether it is positive or negative and when I smiled I knew that I was happy at that time. Facial feedback theory says that the facial changes that occur in response to an event cues our brain and then define what kind of emotion we feel at that moment (Strongman, 1996).I also observed that we tend to respond to facial expressions, like when a person burst into tears we know that she is sad or afraid. With this activity, I learned that emotions, physical arousal, cognitive thoughts, and our brain interact together to produce different emotions. As to how all these element interact remains to be discovered, which I think will always be an aspect that will remain a mystery. References Stein, N., Trabasso, T. & Liwag, M. (1993). The representation and organization of emotional experience: Unfolding the emotion episode. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 279-300). New York: Guilford. Strongman, K. (1996). The Psychology of Emotion: Theories of Emotion in Perspective, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Zajonc, R. & McIntosh, D. (1992). Emotions research: Some promising questions and some questionable promises. Psychological Science, 3, 70-74.

American Novelists and Motherly Speaker Figure Essay

And today in the wide world of Literature, well maybe just short stories, we will be going over Rick Moody’s â€Å"Boys† and Jamaica Kincaid’s â€Å"Girl† and discerning the way in which Moody chose to make his story very quick paced to the reader and in a way difficult to read, but with a purpose. Also how that affects the way the reader may read, perceive, or understand the story in a different way. And comparing how the similar writing style of Kincaid compares to Moody’s use. In â€Å"Boys† we are immediately introduced to a recurring theme, event, or phrase, if you will, that pops up throughout the story many, many times. â€Å"Boys enter the house, boys enter the house† (Moody 579). Moody starts his story off with an action already taking place, he chooses not to setup a scene for the reader to immerse his or herself into. We are immediately drawn into the story on what seems to be a roller coaster ride of events and emotions through the years of the boys’ lives. He accomplishes this rushed, almost crazed reading by writing very quick short sentences all in one paragraph, literally making it very difficult for the reader to take their eyes away without losing their place and thus missing out on the action. In â€Å"Girl† the motherly speaker figure rapidly lists things a proper woman of their society should do, such as how to clean and cook. The list goes on and on and has a theme related to what must be done as a grown-up essentially that also gives this sense of following the steps taken over time growing up to be a better person. This quick pace in which the stories progress is similar to Susan Minot’s â€Å"Lust† in that each story told different excerpts from the speakers’ lives that helped mark the growth of the speakers as the stories progressed.

Benefit Types and Services of Lakeland Police Department

The duty of the Lakeland Police Department is to ensure peace and order as well as to enhance the standard of living of the citizens they serve. They are committed to the values of respect, integrity, teamwork and excellence. Theirs is the immense responsibility of being a protector to countless lives while endangering themselves in the process. Putting themselves in line, making themselves their last priority is their belief. Benefits One of the benefits that an officer accumulates is a life insurance.In case of an officer’s death, financial support will be given to his loved ones, to be more specific it can be his children, spouse or relatives. It is to ensure that once he disintegrated on this earth, his loved ones can enjoy the fund as a form of compensation. Another type of benefit is the medical fee. In case an officer is injured, pharmaceuticals, hospital rooms, physician fees and fee for a surgeon are available. Dentals may or may not be included it all depends on the arrangements. This type of benefit, with their jobs as an officer may be the most used one of all.Once an officer is retired he can enjoy the fruits of his years of labor by means of a retirement fee. It is to guarantee that he can still receive funds without having to work and he will have a means a capital in case he wants to forego on a particular business. In their hazardous job, it is bound that one is to suffer from a disability while ensuring the safety of others. A disability benefit is in order so that it can perform as an income replacement in case an officer cannot perform his duties anymore.It is also subdivided into two types, the long term and the short term disability benefits. Another type of classification is the paid time off benefit where he can still earn income while spending his holidays with family, suffering from sickness or enjoying a vacation. The Services Apart from protecting civilians, the Lakeland Police Department offers a lot of services to their citi zens in accordance with their mission and vision. First they give vital information on how to protect homes, oneself, children and neighbors from being a victim of a crime.They visit public and private, knocking in houses, distributing leaflets, posting in posters and the like that contains the necessary precautions needed. They host in awareness programs on the unsafe places like railroad crossings to prevent unnecessary accidents. They also attend vigils for the diseased, held programs for street children and orphans as well as distribute awards for the outstanding performances of certain individuals. The one they held in December 2007 was entitled â€Å"Do the Right Thing† award that was given to 5 children in Lakeland.In addition, they ensure the health of the citizens by providing first aid for minor injuries, rescue squad support for emergency situations, immunization, literature on health issues, semi-annual tuberculosis screening program, confidential blood pressure a nd weight screening and they provide information on community and health programs including a low-cost student health insurance plan designed for Lakeland students. They patrol on communities, make the necessary traffic controls and gives room for lost and found properties.They give importance to children by establishing Juvenile programs that is targetted to make them happy and healthy youth of the nation. Lakeland Police Department is not only intent punishing law-offenders but also to make sure that the visctims of such crime is safe, menatlly and hysically. They created programs to help them in making a new, if not a better life. It is through these services that mekes Lakeland Police Department become indespensible to the community and the people of Lakeland. References www. insidelakelandpd. org

Collateral mortgage obligations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 16250 words

Collateral mortgage obligations - Essay Example This descriptive research aimed at studying the numerous valuation methodologies of prepayment speeds with Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMO) tranches in order to analyze the importance of these valuation methods in dealing with the complexities of the current economic scenes. The chief objective of the study mainly scrutinized the relevance of these CMOs to the current economic situations. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations have been referred to as claims that arise from cash flows from large pools of home mortgages. The CMOs are designed such that principals and interests once received from mortgage holders are distributed to the tranches. As debt derivatives, they provide retail and institutional investors the possibility of higher yields with a Standard & Poor ratings AA or AAA ratings. CMO present interest rate risk, as well as prepayment risk that make it very sensitive. The 2007 financial bubble was one of the reasons that led to the decline in CMOs due to their inabil ity to prevent the above mentioned risks. Therefore, the study set out to establish a standardized valuation model for CMO retail custodian platforms using historical data from FNMA, collection of empirical data from direct observation and unstructured questionnaires from the FINRA firms. From the investigation of the two major forms of valuation, namely ‘Fixed-rate mortgage’ and ‘adjustable –rate credit valuation’ methodologies, it was possible to actually determine a standard valuation of a five-tranche CMO that can be applied to the pricing model. This proposed quantitative descriptive research study discusses the various valuation methodologies of prepayment speeds with Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMO) tranches and analyzes the way the prevalent valuation methods are useful in current complex economic scenarios. The objective of this study is primarily to examine the applicability of various methods of valuation for pricing the CMOs so as to determine their

Exploring my own Ethnicity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exploring my own Ethnicity - Term Paper Example In addition to the inclusion of all Arabized people in the world (language being the acid test), it has been exclusively used where Arab nomads once were sometimes used and the current focus shifting towards the entire settled descendants. It is also used in a colloquially similar way especially today in the American community. Townspeople previously popular as ‘sons of the Arabs’ within the case of various ethnicities or nations help in the identification of people as ‘Arabs’ to different degrees. This might not be the primary identity of an individual as it tends to remain rather compete in terms of the country, religion or sect. this is irrespective of the emphasis placed on them based on the audience at hand. Arab identity is independently defined as religious identity as it pre-dates since the rise of Islam (Maleh, 2009). This was the definition that was popularly used across medieval times like it was the case with Ibn Khaldun even though it later decr eased in relevance across time due to the fact that a better portion of the Arab ancestry continued to lose their respective links regarding their ancestors' motherland. On the other hand, Hispanic is more of denoting an extensive relationship to Spain and ancient Hispania comprising the Iberian Peninsula and the modern states of Andorra, Spain and Portugal. Other definitions also mention the inclusion of Morocco (Hispania Ulterior Tingitana) and the British Crown Dependency in Gibraltar. Currently, organizations around the United States continued using the term for purposes of referring to individuals with a thoroughly established historical and cultural relationship irrespective of Spain and Portugal and regardless of race. However, in the perception of the US Census Bureau, Latinos or Hispanics are from of any race, any country of origin, or any ancestry (Marger, 2008). The term is broadly used in referring to due culture where peoples and nations develop a strong historical link for Spain with regards to the countries that were previously colonized by Spain especially those that Latin America had sought in colonizing. Spain remained a geographic territory residence to various kingdoms (Muslim and Christian), with separate religions, governments, languages, laws, and costumes and was actually the historical Hispano-Gothic unity remnant. It was not until much later that Spain became a political entity while referring to Middle Ages which are confounded with today’s nation-state dimension (Klich & Lesser, 1997). The Spanish Empire expansion between 1492 and 1898 proceeded to bring in many Spanish migrants towards the conquering of lands establishing settlements mainly along the American lands and in other distant parts producing various multiracial populations. History of "your people" Coming to The USA Hispanic and Latino Americans essentially refer to one of the many ethno-linguistic groups cross the United States which has substantial origins in the Iberian peninsula or the countries of Latin America. Further, it includes people from the United States having self-identifies as Latino or Hispanic. Reflecting on the history of this ethnicity with special focus on the Latin American population, the Hispanics/Latino Americans are essentially racially diverse. This is because their origins were sourced from all the continents as well as many ancestries. As a result, they formed

Nervewire case study Introduction and conclusion only Essay

Nervewire case study Introduction and conclusion only - Essay Example They must also be able to solve conflict along the way without compromising the quality of the project. Nervewire Inc is a management consulting business that was created as a new business with the vision of doing this business differently than anyone else was. Their goal was to supply ideas to fortune 500 companies and Malcolm Frank had the vision to get there. His first goal was to hire a team that fit the culture of the company and people he knew he could work with. He also planned to bring together people with ideas and creativeness and those that were willing to dedicate themselves to the project. He hired Kirk Arnold as COO because of his prior success and his abilities to see the future. Frank was successful in his endeavor of building an effective team and his new business grew quite rapidly. This paper will discuss Nervewire, what was important about how they built their business and how the two personalities of Frank and Arnold drove their company to success, surviving and growing through a major recession. Nervewire is a new company that has survived the recession. Created with success in mind, they became and have remained successful. Malcolm Frank had a vision and hired a man name Kirk Arnold who helped fuel that vision.

Analysis Assessment Task-Look, A Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis Assessment Task-Look, A Book - Essay Example The picture is so important that sometimes words are dropped and pictures alone are sued to tell the story. Picture books are so important  and they have become so common and are used to deal with controversial and complex issues important to a mature audience. The books are also important in promoting core values useful in curriculum. the books also enhance thoughtful thinking in arrange of issues. Which is important in helping students attain visual literacy which is great value to English Learning Picture books have several qualities. As an aesthetic for example, different elements are often used to illustrate the aesthetic part of the picture. These include color, lines, shape, texture and sometimes, page breaks and turns, borders and breaking the frame, relationship of words and picture, and connection of other works of art. The illustrations in the picture book are meant to be seen in sequence. However, it is only possible to see one at a time. Color as has natural associatio ns. Red, for example is a symbol   for excitement, energy, passion, love, desire, speed, strength, power, heat, aggression, danger, fire, blood, war, violence, all things intense and passionate.    Pink symbolizes love and romance, caring, tenderness, acceptance and calm. Ivory symbolizes quiet and pleasantness. Beige symbolizes calm and simplicity. Yellow symbolizes, joy, happiness, betrayal, optimism, idealism, imagination, hope, sunshine, summer, gold, philosophy, dishonesty, cowardice, jealousy, covetousness, deceit, illness, hazard and friendship. Blue symbolizes  peace, tranquility, cold, calm, stability, harmony, unity, trust, truth, confidence, conservatism, security, cleanliness, order, loyalty, sky, water, technology, depression, appetite suppressant.    Turquoise symbolizes calm. Purple symbolizes royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, mysterious, transformation, wisdom, enlightenment, cruelty, arrogance, and mourning.    Lavender symbolizes femininity, grac e and elegance. Orange symbolizes energy, balance, enthusiasm, warmth, vibrant, expansive, flamboyant, demanding of attention.   Green symbolizes nature, environment, healthy, good luck, renewal, youth, spring, generosity, fertility, jealousy, inexperience, envy, misfortune, vigor. Brown symbolizes,  earth, stability, hearth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, endurance, simplicity, and comfort. Grey symbolizes  security, reliability, intelligence, staid, modesty, dignity, maturity, solid, conservative, practical, old age, sadness, boring. Silver symbolizes calm. White symbolizes, reverence, purity, birth, simplicity, cleanliness, peace, humility, precision, innocence, youth, winter, snow, good, sterility, marriage (Western cultures), death (Eastern cultures), cold, clinical. Black symbolizes, power, sexuality, sophistication, formality, elegance, wealth, mystery, fear, evil, unhappiness, depth, style, evil, sadness, remorse, anger, anonymity, underground, good technical co lor, mourning, death (Western cultures).   Illustrator’s use of these associations will therefore depend on their cultural background. Colors have three aspects; hue, tone and saturation. Unlike in novels in which words flow from one page to the other, the page  breaks are considered very important in picture books. Authors, illustrators and editors, pay close attention to the page breaks. Babra. B, (1976), suggests that the page breaks bring about the excitement and aesthetic of a picture book. The picture book, Look A BOOK! by Libby

Business planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Business planning - Assignment Example Contributing to competitive edge 14 5. Marketing Research 15 5.1. Targeted customers 15 5.2. Market Share 16 6. Marketing Strategy 16 6.1. Marketing Mix strategy 16 6.2. STP Strategy 18 7. Processes 19 7.1. Quality Control 19 7.2. Equipments 20 7.3. Policies 20 8. Personnel 21 8.1. Management team 21 8.2. Organizational Chart 21 9. Finance 22 9.1. Financial Projections 22 Conclusion 23 References 24 1. Executive Summary ‘The Fresher’ is an exciting start-up logistic business with unique approach to helping large scale supercentres and hypermarkets across London to provide its customers with freshest fruits and vegetables than those that are presently available in large retail outlets. The business idea behind this start-up is that customers across London are extremely concerned about fresh, natural, genuine and quality fruits as well as vegetables distributed by both large and small scale retailers, but they hardly get satisfied. The Fresher takes it not only as an oppor tunity to be commercialized, but also as a social responsibility to meet customers’ specific need for farm-fresh goods. In today’s highly competitive business contexts, marketers need to think strategically to develop certain strategies to help them achieve competitive advantage and to survive in the market. It is also required for a start-up business to be successful. ‘Going global’ is a very significant and effective strategy for that it widens the market potential and helps the firm grab further marketing opportunities. The Fresher begins its business from farmers across different countries and extends its services to local retailers in London to provide farm-fresh goods, and therefore, it not only goes global but also comes back to local to gain maximum advantages of logistics. The Fresher’s market involves customers who come to large as well as small to medium sized retailers to buy fruits and vegetables. The Fresher is going to bring wide vari ants of foreign fruits and vegetables that were never before available in London market and this adds up to the market potential of the company. The financial projections show that the company will generate quite impressive profitability within the first year. Strategic marketing activities, extensive R&D, integrated communication and promotion activities will help the company build a strong brand image among its customers. 2. The Industry 2.1. The industry Overview For the last two decades, fresh fruits and vegetables represented the most important product category in the UK market. According to United Nations Publication (2003, p. 231), out of the total turnover of the organic food in UK, 33 or more percent are generated by fresh fruits and vegetables in 2001 and more than 85 percent of all the organic fruits and vegetable sales were taken place in supermarket chains. As of 2006, fruits and vegetable represented 27 percent of UK’s organic food segmentation and 75 percent of the organic food sales were carried out by Supermarkets (UK Organic food, 2006). Almost all the large scale retailers, mainly Sainsbury’s, Tesco and Waitrose already offer core assortments of organic fruits and vegetables. UK’s fresh fruits and vegetables market has been valued as worth an estimated ?9.52 billion in 2010, with an increase of 4.3 percent from the previous year figures despite the fact that the market has been severally affected by rising food-price inflation. The industry in 2010 reported an increase of 29.5 percent total turnover in comparison

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Human Resource Management - Essay Example The SWOT analysis is used as a tool to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the human resource management practices of the companies. Among the weaknesses of Fifers Bakery is that recruitment is undertaken by the plant managers themselves. There is no formal induction program for new hires. Supervisors and employees view job expectations differently. The weaknesses of Fifers Bakery in human resource management are anchored upon the absence of a human resource department. This article is a comparative analysis of the human resource management practice of two South African companies – Fifers Bakery and McCain Foods SA (Pty) Ltd. The two companies are leaders in the food processing industry. Fifers Bakery was established by Eddie Hind in 1992. It is now owned by Foodcorp Proprietary Limited after its purchase of First Lifestyle. The companys production facilities are extensive with a variety of equipment and 6000 square meters of factory space provides ample capacity for the production of more than 180 product lines, particularly specialized breads, cakes and â€Å"artisan† baked products. McCain Foods SA (Pty) Ltd began operations in South Africa in 2000. The company has approximately 1,150 employees nationwide and has its headquarters in Bedfordview, Johannesburg, South Africa. It has four production facilities in South Africa. It is part of McCain Foods Limited which is based in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. It is the world’s largest producer of French fries and other oven-ready frozen foods. Human resource management is a management function directed at the provision and deployment of a business enterprise’s human resource needs. It falls within the domain of staffing the enterprise. Guest’s normative model is to be used in comparing the personnel management practices of Fifers Bakery and McCain Foods SA (Pty) Ltd.

Robert Rauschenberg's Monogram Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Rauschenberg's Monogram - Essay Example The combination of objects, images and lines of paint does not seek perceptive unity - despite the odd visual interlacing of the goat and the tire - but division. The goat, despite the tire it wears around its middle, remains implacably a goat and the tire a tire. The meaning of the assemblage is attained in this. (Adams, 1996) If the tire is a reference to the artist's childhood living close to a tire factory according to some contemporary art books, its association with the goat raises questions. The title Monogram renders this montage even more enigmatic: Monogram, or the interlacing of several letters to form a single character, composed here of the entanglement of the goat and the tire. Thus the letter O passes around the animal to make a knot as a rebellion against meaning and all ideas of beauty. (Nelson, 1996) The Ready-made (tire) and stuffed animal coexist in this work that, in keeping with the artist's wishes, leaves as much place for the viewer as for the artist. That looking turned breathless in 1959 when Rauschenberg completed Monogram, one of the most outlandish and barbarous works of art ever made. Monogram features a stuffed Angora goat encircled by a tire. The goat, whose snout is covered in multicolored war paint, is standing on a painting, as if grazing at pasture.

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Thus, the concept as well as the process of SCM encapsulates all the methods and procedures needed â€Å"for the comprehensive configuration, planning and control of cross business and company wide supply chains† (Thaler, 1999; Walther and Bund, 2001). Among all the ‘tools’, various modes of transportation forms an integral component, without which Supply chain cannot function and can even collapse. This was visible during the volcanic eruptions in Iceland in 2010. The ash in the clouds impacted the air transportation, which not only affected the passenger traffic, but also the movement of goods in the supply chain. The ash emitted by the Eyjafjallajokull volcano eruption in Iceland spread far and wide, particularly over many of the European countries, causing the closure of airspace and grounding of flights. â€Å"British government closed the country's entire airspace, grounding all flights at five airports, including the flights whose journeys originated elsew here in Europe, North America and beyond and who would have only passed through Heathrow.† (Walsh 2010). ... â€Å"World container traffic in 1970 was virtually zero, today it is around 500 million tons per year.† (Short 2010). In addition, when there is need for quick transportation and delivery, air transportations are the best option, and this is particularly relevant in the current times with the manufacturing supply chain being quickened through various processes. â€Å"Iceland’s volcanic ash disrupted air transport across Europe and gave the world’s manufacturing supply chain one of its biggest tests since the advent of the low-inventory, just-in-time era† (The Economist). The grounding of the flights impeded the flow of raw materials to the industries in Europe from all over the world, as well as vice-versa. In addition, the finished goods could not also reach the customers within the stipulated deadlines, in both the ways. These restrictions on the supply chain resulted in heavy losses to the involved organizations as well as the airlines industry. The In ternational Air Transport Association (IATA) estimated that due to wrecking of the supply chains as well as passenger traffic, airline industry lost at least $200 million per day (Banham 2010). This type of disruptions not only affects the major players but also the small local players in the supply chain, particularly the small retailers who sell the finished products to the customers. This can be seen during the Icelandic volcanic eruptions as well. That is, many retailers located in the UK and other European regions were affected by the lack of supplies and also delayed supplies. With many retailers not receiving â€Å"the goods needed to keep their stores in stock†, it led to

Poetry Essay Example for Free

Poetry Essay Understanding and interpreting poetry requires a different method of reading than the method which is generally associated with prose. While a given poem, especially a lyric poem, may be literally read in a matter of minutes, the comprehension of the poem may take a lifetime. This is due to the extraordinary ability of poets to compress meanings and also develop complex and multi-layered associations of language, figurative language, image, rhyme, and even narrative within a very brief literary forms. Contemplating a poem is as much a part of experiencing it as merely reading a poem. In the hands of a talented and inspired poet, the minimal use of words and the seemingly constricted forms offered by poetry are actually platforms to convey thoughts, themes, and emotions that would find no more complete expression even if given the larger platform of a novel, essay, or even memoir. As an example of this multi-tiered expression that is found in good poetry, Anne Sextons poem, Starry Night provides a rich demonstration of how poetry conveys multiple meanings and associations within a minimalist form. To begin with, Sexton’s poem â€Å"The Starry Night† is an exercise in ekphrasis. Ekphrasis is a type of poem written about another art-form. Most often, in poetry, it involves painting. When writing a poems inspired by paintings, poets attempt to make language, image, and meter evoke the same emotional or thematic impact which is delivered by the visual techniques and textures of paintings. In â€Å"The Starry Night,†Anne Sexton was inspired not only by Vincent Van Goght’s painting of the same title, but by a letter the artist wrote to his brother, which contained the epigraph for Sexton’s poem: â€Å"That does not keep me from having a terrible need/of— shall I say the word— religion. Then I go/out at night to paint the stars. † By including the quotation form Van Goght above the body of her poem, Sexton accomplishes a clever bit of compression, in fact: explicating the poem’s theme before a word of the poem, proper, has a chance to even be read by the reader! This sly trick is compatible with Van Gogh’s technique in the painting â€Å"The Starry Night† which discards subtlety in favor of grandeur and obscurity in favor of explicit emotional expression. In the painting we see a night sky crowded with swirling clouds, blazing starts with burning halos and a moon which reflects each of the lunar phases in one image. All of these attributes are exaggerated, pulling the viewer into a setting of epic epiphany and emotional release. Van Goght’s sky is alive and engages the viewer relentlessly. The overall initial experience is one of being overwhelmed by the immensity of cosmic nature. Below a set of rolling hill lies a small town. The focal point of the town is the large church- steeple, which presides over the rest of the buildings. This steeple seems to anchor the town and the rest of the scene beneath the sky, suggesting that it is the religious and spiritual dialogue between humanity and the cosmos which is of the most importance, not the town itself. Similarly, Sexton begins her poem, â€Å"The town does not exist† establishing the primacy of a non-linear mode of perception, as well as setting the stage for the eventual, climactic religious epiphany. Van Gogh painted Starry Night while in an Asylum at Saint-Remy in 1889. According to many sources his behavior was erratic during this period of his life. During his youth, Van Gogh had dedicated his life to the church. Many believe that Genesis 37:9: And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me† greatly influenced Van Gogh’s â€Å"The Starry Night. † Sexton, too, carefully reserves the numerical symbolism of the painting in her lines: â€Å"The night boils with eleven stars. /Oh starry starry night! This is how/I want to die! † By repeating the adjective â€Å"starry,† Sexton gains the â€Å"crowded† feeling of Van Gogh’s canvas in her stanza. She grasps the â€Å"living sky† element in the following lines: â€Å"It moves. They are all alive. /Even the moon bulges in its orange irons. † The key to Sexton’s masterful ekphrasis seems to lie in her use of compressed diction: â€Å"The old unseen serpent swallows up the stars. †This, like Van Gogh’s hurried, thick brush stroked invokes a sense of both urgency and passion. Sexton’s use of the refrain â€Å"This is how I want to die! † encapsulates the theme of Van Gogh’s paining, that of religious ecstacy, by merging the erotic/death urge so common in Elizabethan poetry and here marked by an additional shading of surrealism â€Å"sucked up by that great dragon, to split/from my life with no flag. In so doing, Sexton remains true to her confessional mode, also capturing an element which is perhaps understated in Van Gogh’s original, but present nonetheless, a â€Å"confession† of deep loneliness and alienation, marked by the darker swirls of color on the painting’s peripheries and also by the lone black tree, which Sexton describes as â€Å"a drowned woman† marking for posterity her close identification with the emotional confessional and religious themes of Van Gogh’s painting. Sexton’s poem is a wonderful counterpoint to Van Gogh’s painting, a rich example of the artistic and expressive potential of transposing the themes textures and techniques from one art medium to another.

Soil Pollution

Soil Pollution Introduction Soil pollution is caused by the presence of chemicals made by man or alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically grows from the rupture ofpesticides, underground storage tanks, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes fromlandfillsor direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The chemicals which are involved mainly are petroleumhydrocarbons,solvents, pesticides, lead and otherheavy metals. Occurrence of this development is correlated with the degree of industrializations and intensities of usage of chemicals. Objective of the study This study has the following objectives To study the process of soil contamination. To study the cause, effects and control measures of soil contamination. To study various remediation technology available for soil contamination. To test soil specimen for shear strength using Direct Shear Test. Depending upon the contaminant of the soil specimen, to provide a remedial solution for the soil contamination Soil Contamination Soil contamination must be decimated to check that the best develop is grown for intake, (most important for organic farmers) it has to be proved first that the soil and land are of good quality, Many things are there making up the soil. In the area that soil made of basic organic parts basic such as granite or limestone, then there are organisms that break down like leaves, critter muck etc, the lands location and altitude bottom of the vale or on a mountain inclination, climate is also an crucial factor (ILO. 1992). Effects on plants It counts on what type of soil, the type of toxins present and the rigor of the soil pollution, as to how much or what comes in the plant, essentially sandy soil is less likely to grab on to chemicals, whereas soil carrying more organic matter like as peat moss will keep to contaminants more readily this has the impression of altering the metabolic stage of the microorganisms soil is held of, thus the pollutes enter the chain of food. Soil pollution can also affect those who touch it, depending on the pollutes, when small animals take over and polluted dust particles inhaled by them, occasionally some serve contaminations in dust form, are absorbed by the skin. Causes of soil contamination Well theres oil falls, pipe line leaks, toxic spills land that has been used before for things like as mining, gas stations, factories, airports all of these have polluted soil below them, the unnatural stuffs heaps in the landfills percolating into the ground, use of over fertilizers in some countries crops are still spray very toxic pesticides, all these things are reason of soil pollution around the world. When natural disasters happens like as earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes then facilities that have oil, toxins and chemicals become damaged or destroyed, their spills and leaks cause soil pollution, roughly 10 mi. ² of land in southeast of New Orleans became polluted, when over one million gallons of oil dowsed into the earth after a hurricane, demolished some holding facilities (Jewell, R.A., 1996). Storage of products and/or waste is Incorrect in industrial activities Uncontrollable waste disposal Waste of Industrial construction and demolition Drums which are underground Goods transports accidents Faulty operations or leaks from tanks Waste of water disposal Wrong use of pesticides and/or manures Bad or open sewers in a poor state Air pollutants deposition Concerns and health problems China has little lawmaking in place for the security of land to protect against soil pollution, unfortunately it looks like that over a 10% of the land has soil pollution, land is being watered by contaminated water. Since the 1970s there have been oozing from toxic tar island dam in the soil, and more lately a scallion of toxic polluters was discovering into the Athabasca River, a supply of water for Alberta. Effects Contamination of surface water Contamination of ground water Contamination of river sediment Volatile compounds Evaporation Inside houses air contamination Supply of contaminated water Ingestion of contaminated soil Using of contaminated surface waters Digging danger Contamination of animals and farm vegetables through the use of ground waters Control measures for soil contamination Controlled waste landfill Industries with adequate prevention and protection measures New sewer networks Waste water purifier Liquid manure storage basin Remedial Solutions to soil erosion Physical Rainfall and Runoff 1. Rainfall and water runoff are the two biggest culprits when it comes to soil erosion from water. The impact of physical raindrops on the soil surface can eventually break down the its structure and disseminate essential nutrients. The more usurious the slope of a field, the greater the runoff will be. That is the reason it is important to only plant on flat, horizontal land. As the slope length increases, so does the intensity of the runoff the water. If you must plant on a sloped surface, avoid very large stretches of land. It is mandatory to be a proper drainage whenever trying to combat water erosion. Water cant be absorbed by soil whenever it is collected on a slope, runoff will occur. Ensure that the land you want to farm on has enough drainage (Jewell, R.A. 1996). Soil Health 2. High level of organic matter in soil, structure in proper form and fast water infiltration rate is considered healthy and repellent to water erosion. Soil containing toxins, high levels of sand, or coarse-textured soil is considered unhealthy and prostrate to erosion by water. Growing crops that are autochthonal to the region will greatly help in maintaining a healthy soil base resistant to erosion. Rotation of Crop is another way of keeping your soil healthy and resistant to water erosion. Harvesting the same crops continually in the same location can lead to the collection of toxins and a natality imbalance in the soil. There are many forms of vegetation that can be grown to help protect against erosion of water. Ground will thickly covered by vegetation and form a network that will absorb water, which in turn reduces runoff. Vegetation provides extra roots from channels that help with drainage, as they allow surface water to permeate the soil. Vegetation will also provide cover for the soil, which reduces damage and runoff from raindrop impact. SOLUTIONS To avoid erosion of bare soil, it is essential to assert a cover to vegetation, mainly in the areas which are most dangerous e.g. those with infuse slopes, a periods of very heavy rainfall or season infuse. To do it may intend only partially gleaning forests and using seasonally wet or dry areas for pastoral rather than agriculture which is arable. Where polish which is intensive takes place, the farmers also use a crop rotation in order to avoid the soil becoming consumed. Where soils are covered in harmful areas, shape sloughing should be used. Careful management of irrigation, to prevent the application of too much or too little water, should help cut down the problem of salivation. Livestock skimming rates must be carefully managed to keep overgrazing. Perhaps we must attempt to limit highway construction and urbanization to areas of lower agricultural potential. With extractive industries, a pledge must be assured to restore the land to its former condition before planning permit for quarries or mines is granted. The principal approaches these strategies take are Sheep pasture with macroscale erosion. choice ofvegetativecover erosionprevention salinitymanagement: specific state-wide salinity control objectives are: With good quality groundwater stabilize water tables at harmless levels in irrigation areas Significantly retard rising groundwater by control of groundwater recharge, and where necessary to adapt to higher saline conditions in irrigation areas with saline groundwater Significantly reduce additions to the groundwater organizations and to substantially improve brininess problems associated with localized water in ground systems Where appropriate and Protect and rehabilitate high in value wetlands and other features which are significant environmental. Mineralization: To allow plants phytonutrient potential, active mineralization of the soil is sometimes undertaken. It can be in the form of natural of adding squeezed rock or can bring the form of soil of chemical supplement. The purpose is to combat mineral depletion in either case depletion of the soil. Wide range of minerals can be added including common substances like P (phosphorus) and more exotic substances such as zn (zinc) and sl (selenium). Extensive researches are there on the phase transitions of stuffs in soil with aqueous contact. The flooding process can bring significant bed load sediment to an alluvial plain. While its effect may not be considerable if floods threaten life or if the eroded deposit originates from productive land, this natural process that can regenerate soil chemistry through mineralization and macronutrient addition (Netterberg, 1971). No till farming: It is a way of growing crops from one year to next to next year without breaking the soil through tillage. It is a latest agricultural technique which can increase the water amount in the soil and decrease the erosion. No till farming may also increase the amount and variety of life in and on the soil but requires increased herbicide usage. Contour plowing: Contour farming and contour plowing is the farming practice of plowing across an incline following its elevation contour lines and rows formed slows water dispel during rainstorms to protect soil erosion and allows the water time to get settle into the soil. Crop rotation: This is a practice (Crop rotation or Crop sequencing) to growing dissimilar types of crops in the same region in back-to-back seasons for various profits such as to keep off the buildup of pathogens and cusses that generally occurs when one type of crop is continuously cropped. Crop rotation also seeks to balance the fertility demands of various crops to avoid excessive depletion of soil nutrients. A traditional component of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. It is one component of poly culture. Rotation of crop can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. Resting the land: To grow the cropsproperly they need nutrient rich soil. If we dont land rest between crops than the first crop will use nutrients all present in the soil and the crop which will grow later will grow poorly as a result. Resting the land allows put a little more organic material into the soil by our nature, so it is necessary replenishing it before you plant crop after another. Direct Shear Test:- Objective: To determine the shearing strength of the soil using the direct shear apparatus. Apparatus Direct shear box apparatus Loading frame (motor attached). Dial gauge. Proving ring. Tamper. Straight edge. Balance to weigh upto 200 mg. Aluminum container. Spatula. Procedure:- Measure the inner dimension of the soil container. The parts of the soil container are put together. The volume of the container is calculated and it is weighed. The soil is placed in smooth layers (approximately 10 mm thick). Tamp the soil if a dense sample is desired. The soil container is weighed, the difference of these two gives the weight of the soil. The density of the soil is calculated. The surface of the soil is made plane. The upper grating are put on stone and block loaded on top of soil. The thickness of soil specimen is measured. The desired normal load is applied. The shear pin is removed. The dial gauge is attached which measures the change of volume. The initial reading of the dial gauge is recorded and values caliberated. Check all adjustments to see that there is no connection between two parts except sand/soil before proceeding to test. Start the motor. The reading of the shear force is taken and recorded. V olume change readings are taken till failure. 5 kg normal stress 0.5 kg/cm2 is added and the experiment is continued till failure All the readings are recorded carefully. Before starting the experiment set the dial gauges zero,. Two soil specimens were chosen for the test. Sample one: Clean and not contaminated with weight of 16 kg Sample two: Contaminated with fuel ash with weight of 8 kg As explained in the procedure above, two soil samples were tested. After the test, following results were obtained: Load at failure for sample one = 87.5 N Load at failure for sample two = 29.1 N The contaminated sample will be used for the design project to asses it is commercial viability. References ILO. 1992. A participatory approach to environmental protection measures for hill irrigation schemes in Nepal. Nepal SPWP Manual No. 1. ILO, Geneva. Ingold, T.S. and Miller, K.S. 1988. Geotextiles Handbook. Thomas Telford, London Jewell, R.A. 1996. Soil Reinforcement with Geotextiles. CIRIA Special Publication 123. Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London. Lawrance, C.J., Byard, R.J. and Beaven, P.J. 1993. Terrain Evaluation Manual. Transport Research Laboratory State of the Art Review 7. HMSO, London. MacGregor, F., Fell, R., Mostyn, G.R., Hocking, G. and McNally, G. 1994. The estimation of rock rippability. Quart. J. Eng. Geol. 27: 123-144. Netterberg, F. 1971. Calcrete in road construction, CSIR Res. Rep. 286, Pretoria, CSIR. Netterberg F. 1978 Calcrete wearing courses for unpaved roads, Civ. Eng. S. Afr., Vol 20 No 6, pp 129-138 Peltier, L. 1950. The geographic cycle in periglacial regions as it is related to climatic geomorphology. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geog. 49, 214-36. Pettifer, G.S. and Fookes, P.G. 1994. A revision of the graphical method for assessing the excavatability of rock. Quart. J. Eng. Geol. 27: 145-164. Schiechtl, H.M. and Stern, R. 1996 (English translation). Ground Bioengineering Techniques for Slope Protection and Erosion Control. Blackwell Science, Oxford. Schiechtl, H.M. and Stern, R. 1997 (English translation). Water Bioengineering Techniques for Watercourse Bank and Shoreline Protection. Blackwell Science, Oxford. Stewart, G.A. and Perry, R.A. 1953. Survey of Townsville-Bowen Region (1950). Land Research Series, Varnes, D.J. 1978. Slope movements and types and processes. In: Landslides: Analysis and Control, Wang, H., Latham, J-P. and Poole, A. 1991. Predictions of block size distributions for quarrying. Quart. J Eng. Geol. 24: 91-99.

Treatment Options in Recurrent GBM Research

Treatment Options in Recurrent GBM Research Strategies for clinical applications The multi-omics data may also reveal important leads for therapeutic applications. A very recent review on GBM, reported outcomes of clinical trials investigating current treatment options in recurrent GBM, including anti-angiogenic, signaling pathway blockade and immunotherapy based approaches (1). However the genetic and cellular heterogeneity reflects in the modest results obtained so far. This necessitates identification and validation of better therapeutic targets and active strategies to combat GBM. Some novel strategies are showing promise in Phase II trials and preliminary data is becoming available, such as, EGFRvIII peptide vaccine, Rindopepimut; CD95 targeted monoclonal antibody, APG100 and multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (1). A multi-pronged approach targeting a panel of proteins may thus hold the key to eliciting a synergistic response and prove more beneficial than current treatment modalities targeting individual markers. When it comes to circulat ory or plasma-based biomarkers, in view of the technical limitations encountered in deep and direct plasma analysis as discussed earlier, alternate methods which would allow prediction of tumor related molecules and their targeted exploration would be highly useful. One of the outcomes of the study was the identification of effective strategies for data analysis and integration, facilitated by the bioinformatics tools available today. It shows experimental identification of proteins passed through the screen to ensure analytical rigor and functional relevance as above (Stage 1). Biologically important and potential tumor specific proteins identified in expression studies are then assessed for their secretory potential based on computational prediction algorithms for signal peptide and transmembrane domain containing proteins, such as, SignalP and TMHMM, respectively and via non-classical secretory mechanisms using SecretomeP. These proteins are further prioritized based on their de tectability and occurrence in proteomic data for secretome, CSF and plasma analysis (normal or patient) (Stage 2). The potential secretory candidates are then explored in plasma in a targeted manner (Stage 3). Interestingly, some of these proteins were identified in analysis of plasma or CSF from GBM patients (2, 3). Once bioinformatically scrutinized as above and compiled, the candidate biomarker panels, can be subjected to validation and experimentation in cohorts of tissue sections, blood plasma/serum specimens from patients (Stage 4). We believe construction of such high confidence protein panels would be a valuable paradigm for studies in larger cohorts in clinical experimental designs. High confident lead candidates for experimental application GBM Secreted proteins Secreted proteins have an integral role in GBM tumorigenesis through cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis besides being important in normal physiological processes and thus instrumental to the discovery of cancer biomarkers. Besides being useful as markers for typing the tumor, their presence in easily accessible body fluids makes them useful for monitoring the disease progression or treatment response and recurrence. A thorough survey of all available literature was done to identify the several candidate biomarkers have been reported in serum or plasma of GBM patients and these are shown in Table 1 in Chapter 1. However, such potential and promising new biomarkers are yet to be rigorously evaluated for application against this unmet need. Non-invasive methods based on circulatory biomarkers would be useful for monitoring not only GBM patients but also for lower grades Grade II and III tumors that exhibit longer survival periods. Further, some new reports on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that have identified in the plasma of GBM patients such as mutated IDH1 DNA (4), methylated MGMT DNA (5) and EGFRvIII mutant DNA (6). The highly sensitive sequencing based methods for detection of circulatory tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients plasma are under progress (7). These ctDNA markers shed by dead tumor cells may surface in future to be reasonable indicators for tumor diagnostics. Kinases in GBM Identification of GnRH signaling pathway using an alternate approach As mentioned in Chapter 2, I used alternate approaches to enhance pathway views by targeting specific protein families, i.e. kinases. Protein kinases (PKs) are well known therapeutic targets in different cancers and a family of proteins that are major components of signal transduction pathways acting as membrane receptors (RTKs) or as intracellular signaling mediators (non-receptor PKs) and several protein kinases have been implicated in gliomagenesis (8, 9). Several studies have also shown altered expression of protein kinases in GBM and targeted therapies directed towards RTKs using kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials (10, 11). There is renewed optimism in the use of kinase inhibitors to treat GBM (12). New therapeutic strategies have emerged that use multi-targeted kinase inhibitors to simultaneously disrupt multiple kinases (13). The GBM data was found to be enriched with several kinases. A total of 102 kinases were present in GBM datasets; 77 different kinases in transcript omics data and 30 kinases in proteomics data with 26 in common between them.   Pathway analysis using these kinases revealed GnRH signaling as the top pathway that has still not investigated in the context of GBM. We observe an overall enrichment of about 129 entities from omics datasets of which 26 kinases and 57 non-kinase members are coming from the concordant (n=711) transcriptome and proteome dataset. The 26 concordant kinases along with their fold changes are shown in the Figure 48 below. A large proportion of GnRH pathway entities include kinases (MAPKs, CAMKs, and RTKs) that enabled its identification as a top pathway using this approach. A targeted search of other non-kinase members of the pathway resulted in additional members of the pathway in omics datasets that further increased its significance value. In GBM, it has been shown that human GnRH receptors are expressed in tumor cells and receptor activation affects apoptosis, adhesion and angiogenesis to promote tumorigenesis. GnRH signalling as a possible therapeutic target in cancer has already been suggested and put together with my observations it strongly supports this possibility in the context of GBM. The expanded hand-curated map of GnRH signaling is a valuable resource for the scientific community. Expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor has been reported in GBM cell lines and tissue samples at both mRNA and protein levels concordant with clinical data obtained using GBM tumor tissues and treatment with GnRH agonists resulted in anti-proliferative activity (14-16).There is also evidence that the analogues can cross the blood-brain barrier, indicating suitability for treatment of malignant glioblastomas (17). Given the significance of this pathway in cancers and GBM, further understanding the molecular interplay involving GnRH signalling pathway in light of my findings will reveal is use as a potential molecular and therapeutic target.      Ã‚   Glioma Amplicon and Risk Regions The protein coding genes implicated in Glioma and other cancers were clustered based on their chromosomal locations using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tools to compute overlaps with positional gene sets from Molecular Signatures database and further clustered based on proximity to other known oncogenes from Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology data resource, to identify colocalized gene clusters on Chr. 12 and other chromosomes as shown in Chapter 3. An important finding was that larger number of overexpressed differential regulated genes in glioma datasets mapped to two significant regions the glioma amplicon (n=37) in 12q13-15 region and the glioma susceptibility (n=16) in the 12p13 region implicated as a major risk region in patients with a family history of gliomas. The discovery of these two clusters of overexpressed genes provides a biological validation of mass-spectrometry derived data. Apart from these two essential regions, several genes from the glioma dataset were found to cluster around amplicons on other chromosomes and other known cancer associated genes that were not identified in GBM datasets but present in close proximity to them. These can be investigated in a more targeted manner in glioma.   Many studies have been done to understand the biological significance of these amplicon regions in gliomas that indicate that these amplifications are more frequent in gliomas than previously thought and have different distribution patterns in low grade versus high grade tumors (18, 19). Overall, a relative high degree of amplifications and deletions are seen in GBM that have implications on the expression of the genes involved and contribute to relevant pathogenic genes (20). Novel genes and isoforms Alternative splicing increases the repertoire of protein functionality and heterogeneity and aberrant splicing events have been frequently seen in several cancers, including GBM and increasing evidence now points to their important role in tumor initiation and progression. The concept of proteogenomics has emerged rapidly as a valuable approach to integrate mass spectrometry (MS)-derived proteomic data with transcriptomic data to identify novel splice variants. However, the role of alternative splicing in GBM is still nascent and needs to be explored as potential biomarkers or molecular targets. As detailed in Chapter 4, the identification of a novel variant of NCAM1, using a proteogenomics approach with 5 peptide evidences from MS data spanning a novel exonic region, is very significant finding in GBM. NCAMs are well characterized glycoproteins that mediate cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle. Several splice variants of NCAM1 have been identified (21, 22) and alterations in these have been found in serum and tissues of brain tumors (23, 24). NCAM1 has 5 known isoforms and also exhibits glycoforms as it can be post-translationally modified by the addition of polysialic acid (PSA), which is thought to abrogate its homophilic binding properties and affect the adhesive properties of NCAM (25). Further, PSA conjugated NCAM, was shown to potentiate migration via FGFR signaling distinct from its adhesion capability (26).   The following observations may be noted with respect to this novel variant: The observation is supported in transcriptomics data in 18 out of 25 RNAseq samples. Multiple gene modelling software such as Augustus, GenScan, AceView and Ensemble support the presence of this novel exon in their gene models and a high degree of conservation was seen as expected for an exonic region. This variant was also separately identified in MS-derived Human Proteome and IvyGAP RNAseq datasets NCAM1 is upregulated in several cancers; however, in GBM both transcript and protein data support its down regulation.   We observed two known forms of NCAM1 as well as the novel form to be down regulated. It is interesting to note that the miRNA (hsa-mir-30a-5p) that regulates NCAM1 is upregulated in GBM indicating the deregulation of a putative oncogenic cascade. In summary, our findings demonstrate the usefulness of combining omics approaches to identify novel putative candidates in GBM. Although, it is not clear if the novel splice variant represents a major or minor form of NCAM1. At the transcript level, it seems to be a minor component; however, preliminary assessment at the protein level is suggestive of it being a predominant form. Regardless, it would be interesting to explore the biological significance of the novel splice variant of NCAM1 and examine its role in GBM tumorigenesis. Hence, in the light of this observation my identification of novel NCAM1 splice variant through proteogenomics analysis using GBM RNAseq data is a very important finding in GBM. The effect of this novel variant on cell-cell adhesion and migration in GBM needs to be further investigated in a targeted manner. Disease implications and targeted analysis Studies suggest that gliomas constitute a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease caused by the malignant growth of glial cells that nourish neurons, resulting in a loss of brain function. Glutamate excitotoxicity is observed in several neurological diseases, which is also utilized by gliomas to gain growth advantage (27). My observations that neurological conditions like Alzhiemers and Parkinsons disease share many common genes with gliomas possible indicate shared molecular mechanisms inducing neurodegeneration. Further, the chromosomal mapping of glioma differentials revealed two clusters; one around 12p13 implicated as a glioma risk region and another around 12q13-15 region harboring a glioma amplicon with several overexpressed and amplified genes. Hence, extracting gene/disease associations and generation of a glioma-centric functional and diseasome network is important for understanding GBM tumorigenesis. Further, this region was found to be enriched in several cancers in cluding other brain neoplasms and neurological diseases that may share disease genes and processes with gliomas. Only 22 of the observed 108 disease genes in the diseasome network were identified in our proteomic analysis. The other 86 disease genes implicated in gliomas but not identified in our dataset can be investigated in a more targeted manner in gliomas, providing a global view of linkages between disease phenotypes. Additionally, the finding that chromosomal proximity of genes may have an impact on their functions can be used to explore the functions of missing proteins mapping within functional cassettes of related protein/genes. Such investigations offer newer paradigms that may be valuable to investigate and present clinically important targets. Future Scope Metabolomic data integration and potential Compared to the genome and proteome, metabolome represents the phenotypic changes more closely and has already been investigated for malignancies such as breast, ovarian, colon, prostrate and esophageal cancers. This line of investigation has been extended to gliomas albeit on a smaller scale, revealing novel insights into the role of metabolites in GBM tumorigenesis (reviewed in ref. (28)). Previous studies have revealed how mutations can lead to generation of oncometabolites such as 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) specifically in IDH1 mutated gliomas (29). The discovery by Otto Warburg that cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose through a seemingly inefficient process of aerobic glycolysis   led to the application of 18-FDG-PET imaging to predict the histological grade of gliomas.   Using this technique we could now distinguish low grade gliomas that have low specific uptake (SUV) values from grade III and IV that have higher SUVs.   One study performed global metabolic profilin g using mass-spectrometry coupled to liquid/gas chromatography on patient derived tumor samples and found increased levels of glutathione, tryptophan and metabolites associated with phentose phosphate and nucleotide synthesis and glycolytic intermediates such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and 3-phosphoglycerate (30). These studies have collectively provided a window of opportunity for further investigation and integrating these changes with the changes at proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic levels will be the next big step in to study the underlying biology of these tumors. Improving pathway analysis with phosphoproteomics data Protein phosphorylation plays a central role in transmitting the signal from outside the cell through a cascade effect into an intracellular signal to control the biochemical pathways in all living cells. This mechanism of activation or deactivation can be orchestrated by protein kinases via phosphorylation and phosphatases via dephosphorylation. Modifications to these signaling networks via mutations or abnormal protein expression or post-translational modifications may underlie both development and progression of tumorigenesis. Glioma Repository In order to facilitate annotation of key terms and manage the collection of high-throughput data coming from different omics technologies and platforms and make it easier to store and retrieve large amounts of information, I proposed to a schema for data annotation, collection and deposition. The data will be stored in the backend, in separate tables in a relational database (RDBMS), to enable effortless retrieval of key information for particular candidates of interest and also allow for complex querying. The outline for the schema is given below. Figure 49: Schema for development of a glioma repository

Science Research Paper :: essays research papers

Corrosion and rubbing alcohol vs. corrosion and hydrogen peroxide â€Å"Are brass, lead, iron, and aluminum more likely to corrode in solutions of rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide?† a. Definition-corrosion, rust, oxidation Corrosion is the atmospheric oxidation of metals. Rusting is essentially a process of oxidation in which iron combines with water and oxygen to form rust. Rust is the reddish-brown crust that forms on the surface of iron. Rust, a chemical compound, is a hydrated ferric oxide Fe2O3 ·nH2O, where n is usually 11/2. The chemical mechanism of rusting is not fully known, but is thought to involve oxidation of metallic iron to ferrous ion, (Fe++) and reaction of the ferrous ion with oxygen and water to form rust. This reaction is catalyzed by water, acids, and metals (e.g., copper and tin) below iron in the electromotive series. Because iron is so widely used, e.g., in building construction and in tools, its protection against rusting is important. Although metals (e.g., aluminum, chromium, and zinc) above iron in the electromotive series corrode more readily than iron, their oxides form a tenuous coating that protects the metal from further attack. Rust is brittle and flakes off the surface of the iron, continually exposing a fresh surf ace. Rusting can be prevented by excluding air and water from the iron surface, e.g., by painting, oiling, or greasing, or by plating the iron with a protective coating of another metal. Metals used for plating include chromium, nickel, tin, and zinc. Zinc plating is called galvanizing. (www.encyclopedia.com/articles:2000). Many alloys of iron are resistant to corrosion. Stainless steels are alloys of iron with such metals as chromium and nickel; they do not corrode because the added metals help form a hard, adherent oxide coating that resists further attack. The iron hulls of ships can be protected against rusting by attaching magnesium strips to the underside of the vessel. An electric current is generated, with the magnesium and iron acting as electrodes and seawater acting as the electrolyte. Because magnesium is above iron in the electromotive series, it serves as a "sacrificial anode and is oxidized in preference to the iron. This is called cathodic protection, since the iron serves as the cathode and thus escapes oxidation. This method is also used to protect the pipes of electric generating plants where saltwater is used as a coolant.) (www.encyclopedia.com/articles:2000). The involvement of water accounts for the fact that rusting occurs much more rapidly in moist conditions as compared to a dry environment such as a desert.

Cyberspace :: essays papers

Cyberspace Computers and Cyberspace When does reality end and cyberspace begin? Can crimes committed in cyberspace be punished in reality? Can a â€Å"cyber relationship† have the same rules as a relationship in reality? Basically, is cyberspace part of regular life or is it a world created by us with ever changing and moving norms? Often, people make comment that they become so focused on something and it becomes a part of their life, an extension of them. I feel the same can be said of cyberspace. Reality is what you make it, and that can also include the universe that you see on the computer screen. The cyber world is a society just like the outside world we live in is a society. With increasing ways to access this world, the two worlds are now beginning to overlap and some would even say collide. Some have become so enwrapped in this separate existence with instant messenger, e-mail, chat rooms, and message boards, the internet has seemingly replaced get-togethers, night clubs, bars, and meetings as the number one social gathering place. More people are wired to this world than you will ever meet in a club, so why leave home, this is the best way to meet people. However, it is unfortunate that this also involves taking you away from the reality that is around you right now. Many ignore priorities such as family, friends, and even work to be a part of cyberspace. It has almost become a form of addiction for some. Should crimes committed in cyberspace be grounds for punishment here in the real outside world? Well, I think it depends on the level of crime. If you should threaten someone online, you should receive a ban from that location, but not be arrested. If you should continue that activity, then it will be assessed then, but for first time offenders, a strict warning or ban is harsh enough. The thought of losing out on that experience ever again is enough to stop most. More serious and special case offenders such as pedophiles who are putting kiddie porn on the internet or trying to lure children in chat rooms, should be prosecuted to the same extent as those we find in normal society. The same can be said for online embezzlers and hackers, it is no different to break into a company’s front door than it is to steal from them online.

Animal Testing Research Paper Essay

As citizens of the United States we are entitled to our civil rights. They include our basic needs for living a happy and safe life. Animals however are not entitled to any rights to ensure them safety, good health, and proper living conditions. Animal testing laboratories torture and kill innocent animals daily. The laboratories smell of chemicals and bleach, and the cages are dirty, and not properly kept. The horrible smells fill their nostrils and they are forced to walk in their own urine and feces. These animals are required to suffer in these conditions daily, this is not humane, and it is a slow and painful death. Holding an innocent animal against their will and torturing them with harmful substances is animal cruelty and should be illegal; there are efficient alternative ways to animal testing. Animal testing is known as the use of animals in experiments and development projects to determine toxicity, dosage, and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials (â€Å"Animal Testing†). Animal testing is such a controversial topic because it involves using a living organism to test different drugs and chemicals and can potentially have a fatal outcome. The amount of stress put onto the animal throughout the testing is unhealthy and painful for the animal. It is just like an animal being brutally beaten by their owner; unfortunately the drugs and other hurtful substances forced onto the animal have long term effects and make the animal suffer through it to see the results of the test. This is so inhumane and wrong. Animals should not have to suffer through this unimaginable pain. There are different reasons for animal testing, the main ones being for cosmetic purposes such as makeup brands and plastic surgery procedures like Botox. Scientists use the animals to research different drugs and chemicals and essentially are looking for abnormal reactions from them. Being a female I purchase different cosmetic products that I use on a day to day basis. Cosmetics are articles intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body’s structure or functions (â€Å"Fact Sheet–Cosmetic Testing†). Some of the most commonly known brands test their products on animals. Companies like Johnson & Johnson, Avon, Kleenex, Vaseline, Dove,  Giorgio Armani, Maybelline, and countless more companies test their products on animals. Scientists conduct skin irritation tests that rub chemicals onto shaved skin or drop the chemicals into rabbit’s eyes without any pai n medication (â€Å"Fact Sheet- Cosmetic Testing†). They are testing products with the chemicals that could potentially cause the irritation, such as makeup remover, eye shadow, mascara, and things applied to the eye or eyelid. This test is obviously inhumane and painful for the rabbits, but there are alternatives to this test that are humane and can be done in place of it. Instead of putting the chemicals onto the rabbits, manufacturers can drop the chemicals onto donated human corneas (Cosmetics and Household). Women wear makeup and purchase products that are applied regularly to the face and eyes. With those products I am trusting that they will enhance my physical features in a positive way, but I would not want those products to be tested in such a cruel and torturous way. Diseases are another reason for testing on animals. Cancer, Down syndrome, heart problems, diabetes, and others are some of the main diseases scientists are trying to find cures for. The other side to animal testing can potentially save lives by finding cures for these life threatening diseases. This is why some parts of animal testing are so vital to our health systems and patients. Many universities use animals to test in different types of training programs. At the University of Michigan nursing students used a cat to practice putting a tube into its windpipe. The goal of the procedure was for nurses working on survival flights to be able to perform the procedure to patients in critical condition. The cat was later adopted into a family and was not harmed at all (Kozlowski). Although this particular procedure seems harmless to the cat and sounds painless campaigns continued to protest against using live animals and PETA continued to press the subject. They wanted them to replace using live animals with simulators which virtually does the same thing (Kozlowski). Tests like this that are done seem so minuet compared to others that are used for finding cures. Animal testing for human health has been said to be unsafe, unreliable, and expensive. On the contrary there have been cases where animal testing for medical reasons has in fact found vaccines and cures. From 1940 to 1960 polio was one of the most popular and well known diseases. Due to the  research conducted on animals polio has been eliminated as a well-known disease because of a vaccine that almost everyone has received (Use of Animals). Today children receive a lifetime vaccine for polio and are also immunized against typhus, whooping cough, and tetanus. I can see where the controversy comes in. I definitely think finding cures for all these diseases are something that needs to be done, but at the same time animals should have rights to their bodies. Animals that are forced into these facilities to be tested on come from all different parts of the world. Specially bred rats and mice are the mammals used in most medical research (â€Å"What Types of Animals†). Other mammals commonly found in research are guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, and farm animals such as pigs and sheep (â€Å"What Types of Animals†). In some cases it has been rumored that some of the animals are specially bred for certain types of testing. This has raised a lot of questions as to how accurate the tests actually are. Different animals are used for certain tests. In previous studies it was proven that certain animals react differently to the same tests. This is why so many different breeds and types of animals are affected by this; it involves so many different supplies and equipment which in turn can become costly. Animal testing has been known to be a costly and an unethical way of finding accurate cures. Some tests can take months or even years to conduct and analyze. This can result in spending hundreds of thousands, sometimes even millions of dollars on one test (â€Å"Costs of Animal†). The inefficiency and exorbitant costs associated with animal testing makes it impossible for regulators to adequately evaluate the potential effects of more than 100,000 chemicals worldwide (â€Å"Costs of Animal†).The amount of time needed to conduct one simple test is almost too extreme. The animal is suffering for months to years, for one result that isn’t even guaranteed. The amount of money spent on one test isn’t worth it, when the results are not always accurate. Alternative testing can save many animal lives; they also are less expensive and take less time to complete. The non-animal methods are more effective and most importantly, more ethical. Companies should use sophisticated computer technology for testing and drug development. Technology has become  the most important thing in society; it gives scientists the tools to extend human capabilities, so why are companies refusing to use the technology that is presented in society? These business practices on torturing animals are against business ethics. Population studies have shown how many infectious diseases are caused and also how many can be prevented. In fact, the National Insitutes of Health reported that more than 80 HIV/AIDS vaccines that have passed animal testing have failed in clinical trials (â€Å"Alternatives: Testing without Torture†). Non- animal tests are another great alternative. Non-animal tests include an embryonic stem cell test, 3T3 neutral red uptake photo toxicity tests and human skin leftover from surgical procedures (â€Å"Alternatives: Testing without Torture†). There are so many alternatives to animal testing that should be utilized instead of using live animals. On the other hand animal testing has contributed to finding many different cures and treatments for different diseases. When it comes down to it if you’re loved one has a disease and the only way to find an effective cure is to test it on an animal, then you would definitely want it done. Life or death plays a huge role in why so many people support animal testing. Animals are the most effective thing to test on because they share the same characteristics as humans. Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans (Animal Testing-ProCon). Sharing DNA with an animal has so many positive effects; the likeliness of finding a cure from testing on one of these animals could save so many lives. Laws have regulated animal testing to prevent the cruel and torturous acts from happening (Animal Testing-ProCon). There are many positive sides to animal testing that could potentially benefit our health systems and patients. Animal Cruelty is illegal in most states in the U.S. How is torturing animals, poking them with needles, rubbing harmful chemicals onto their bodies and into their eyes legal? It is defined as the same thing. Holding an innocent animal against their will and torturing them with harmful substances is animal cruelty and should be illegal. There are positive alternatives to finding cures and treatments. Although there are some positives, the amount of money, time, and animal cruelty is not worth it, considering the results are not always accurate. The amounts of stress  they are put through in these labs are enough to kill them without the drugs. The suffering and pain of these innocent animals are not worth making sure our mascara doesn’t make our eyes puffy, or how high of a dosage is safe without overdosing. Finding the alternatives could change everything. Throughout this research I have learned that animal testing is a cruel and ruthless act.

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OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE CURRICULUM VITAE FOR academic STAFF A PERSONAL information 1. NameAPELOKO David Olubunmi (Surname) (Other names) 2. Date and Place of get 19th September, 1979 Ilawe Ekiti 3. themeityNigerian 4. State of ascendentEkiti State 5. Senatorial District Ekiti entropy 6. Local Government AreaEkiti southeast West Local Government 7. durable Home speakLine 1, Modomo Layout, The break of the day B/S, Ile Ife. 8. Marital Status wed 9. No. of Children and their AgesOne 3 years. 10.Name and Address of Spouse Mrs Olubunmi-Apeloko Kehinde Line 1, Modomo Area, the Dawn B/S, Ile Ife 11. Date of Assumption Duty marching music 1st, 2012 12. Status on First participationGraduate supporter 13. express linear perspective Graduate Assistant 14. Date of Present assigning February 28th, 2012 15. Present Salary CONUAS 01, misuse 2 16. Date of Confirmation Appointment Not Applicable 17. If Not Confirmed, why? Duration Not Yet accomplish 18. Faculty judicatory 19. Department/Unit popular Administration B. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 1. Higher educational Institution Attended with Dates ) Obafemi Awolowo University (2010-2013) b) Obafemi Awolowo University (2003-2007) 2. Academic and passe-partout Qualifications a) M. Sc political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University (2013) b) B. Sc political Science Obafemi Awolowo University (2007) 3. Other Distinctions and Awards (with Dates) Nil 4. specialisation Comparative studies, governmental communication, passage of arms instruction, ordinary policy, HRM and Governance 5. Fields of Interest Conflict Study and Resolution, Comparative studies, New Media Communication, Public policy Analysis, HRM and Governance C.WORK EXPERIENCE 1. preceding get to Experience outside the University system of rules Associate Lecturer, Osun State College of Education, Ila (Ife Study Center) 2. Work Experience in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Graduate Assistant since February, 2012 till date 3. Courses Ta ught within the blend Academic Session beautify 301 establishment and Administrative Theory (Assisting-Lecturer-in-charge) PAD 306- conventional Administrative System in Nigeria (Assisting-Lecturer-in-charge) PAD 401 Local Government Administration in Nigeria (Assisting-Lecturer-in-charge)D. MEMBERSHIP OF master key BODIES Member, National fellowship of Political Science (NAPS) Graduate member, Nigeria nominate of focusing (NIM) E. PUBLICATIONS 1. Thesis/Dissertation i) The mend of Domestic Policies on Nigerian inappropriate Policy under President Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007) (B. Sc Dissertation, Obafemi Awolowo University. Ile Ife) ii) An Assessment of the Role of the Mass Media in President Obasanjos Third limit docket. , (M. Sc Thesis submitted to the Department of Political Science, OAU, Ile- Ife. ) 2. Review of Book Nil 3a. promulgated Articles 1.Ayeni O. O. and Apeloko D. O. (2013) Political Party Finance An tryout of the Three Dominant Political Parties in 20 07 Governorship Election in Ekiti State. JABU International diary of Social and Management Sciences. Vol. 4. No 1. pp 128-143 ?2. Olaiya T. A.. Apeloko D. O and Ayeni O. O. (2013). Factors in Mass Media, Third- marches Agenda and Governance in Nigeria. American diary of New Mass Media and Mass Communication. Vol. 10. pp 48-62. b. create Conference Proceedings Nil 4. Manuscripts genuine for Publication (a) Apeloko D. O. and Ayeni O. O. (2013). Tyrant Democrats, the Third Term Agenda and the Nature of Mass Media Role. quarterly Journal of Administration. b) Apeloko D. O. and Ayeni O. O. (2012). National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) in Post- Crisis Management ramble in Jos, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Social and growing Issues, University of Calabar, Calabar. 5. Manuscripts Submitted for Publication a) Reporting Human responsibility Accurately Panacea for Economic organic evolution in Nigeria b) Apeloko D. Olubunmi and Ayeni O. O. (2012). New Paradigm of Political Viole nce in Nigeria Mapping the land of Theories. . Creative Work Nil 7. practiced Reports Nil 8. Papers and Works in Preparation Human Resource Management in Post-Bank Merger/Acquisition in Nigeria A thoughtful examination of gate Bank Plc. _________________________________________________________ ? Foreign publication F. PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENT Research works on different subjects within the spectrum of politics and administration. G. company ATTENDED 50th anniversary world(prenominal) conference organized by the department of History, OAU, Ile Ife, 28th-31st October, 2012 on Security Challenge in Nigeria.H CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES An Assessment of National ICT Policy in Nigeria and the Implication for the advance of Good Governance. I. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES idea and discussing J. ANY OTHER RELEVANT selective information Duties within the department 1. Secretary, Departmental contact 2. Assisting Part three Adviser signature tune Date

Developing educational leadership in study circle Essay

As previously mentioned, flying field circumference draws ar highly way upon as respectable individuals in the program. Even though the loss leader is estimable a representative or could be ingest as equal among others, it could not be deny that their role is crucial in the conquest of the chew over racing circuit. According to Blid (2000), there be deuce main functions that can be used to fall upon a leader. One is the ability to secure that studies come on smoothly and two, the ability promote a constructive hearty climate during meetings.The first characteristic of the leader implies that he is willing to set aside his personal time to ensure that the program would run smoothly and effectively. However, the workplace clique was created to work collectively and individually member is expected to be responsible for their deliver progress so it doesnt mean that the get hold of Circle leader should do e verything. He is just their in localize to guide the parti cipants in amity with the program. Most of his organizational functions could be consider as presidential or secretarial work (Bjerkaker, 2003).The insurgent functions or commonly known as the social and emotional role of the leader is consider as an master(prenominal) tool in create a positive atmosphere of cooperation and respect wherein everyone would feel at ease slice learning (Blid, 1990)). A Study Circle leader may be the delineate to an inspiring first meeting or a failure leader would cause the Study Circle to lose some of its members or participants. In sanctify to carry out those two functions, Kindstorm (2002) cited some t requires that would process them perform their t have a bun in the oven. They are the following1) Helping the participants in strengthening their self-confidence 2) Developing team spirit so that participants would feel welcome and secure 3) putt the participants own development in management and ask the right questions 4) On the process of k nowledge, applying common views from time to time will help the participants to apply what they save learn in different situations of their everyday intent 5) Preventing competition by promoting cooperation among the participants 6) Encouraging the participants to discuss solutions and ask questions among other done dialogues7) Making different options very clear The leader will always tend a crucial role in the interplay of the group. He/she, for an instance, need to face problems that could inhibit the members from participating in activities or learning from the program. The course subject that the Study Circle will tackle will be in accordance to the leaders familiar knowledge. On the other hand, Study Circle leaders are considered as unpaid work since it is look upon as part of their engagement in a voluntary organization (Persson, 2006).However there are some who get paid but closely of them are either retired or were specifically chartered for the job due to certain cir cumstances. Most Study Circle leaders do have mine run employment and their only few who are consider as full time Study Circle leaders and most of them are t to to each one oneers. Methodology admittance A multiplicity of creations and ideas may bring wonder in terms of meanings. Clarity of key concepts, ideas and how could they be applied after the study would be an important parts in determining whether they are qualitative or quantitative.The purpose is to generate training roughly the application of the research goal and its method to the watercourse study. interrogation Design By emphasising on textual information and spoken word earlier than relying in numerical data and statistical method, qualitative research is meant to describe human experiences in respective(a) subjects and topics. The multiple perspectives of each participant are the indicate source of data for this research use. By analyzing denounce phrases, patterns or statements from the participant s, the researchers are in the process of developing a theory or foundation needed for the study.Furthermore, this procedure may often produce redundant information that could start further research. In order to carry out their goal, the researchers should observe and jot mountain notes during the process of the research (Patton, 2002). According to Patton (2002), qualitative design is very tedious and time consuming. Researchers are ram to adapt to the participants conditions and situations in order to extract the information they needed without jeopardizing the content and value of the data. However, analysis of data could pose as a major panic to the success of the study.After being influence by the participants environment, interpretation of this data could be subject to biases and personal opinions of researchers (Myers, 2002). However, the risk of taking this design lies in its descriptive reports and explorations of human views that could offer the prox readers of the st udy a better understanding of the problem. Research Method While the Study Circle shall be used as a method, the characteristics of Focus assemblage Discussion to capture multiple perspectives of different participants at the same time will be multipurpose in this study.Similar to the Study Circle, by compendium group of people to discuss certain topic, focus group discussion could generate social interactions in the midst of these people that are not acquainted with each other (Heiskanen, 2008). By generating interactions among them and seeing it evolve, various ideas and concepts are generated at the same time. Ideas and concepts are being generated through a communal process wherein participants could share and round their viewpoints about the subject and concern topics.Furthermore, researchers could understand how participants handle, defend and approach the issue being presented to them by observing, record and analyzing the interaction and discussion of the group (Heisk anen, 2008). Multiple ideas and concept necessary to form the foundation of the school-community framework could be supplied by focus group discussion while minimizing time and cost for the research. Furthermore, the concept of Study Circles and focus group discussion are parallel with each other, thus preventing overlaps of information.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction might be since they developed, or once you have finished to reflect the stream of your arguments, you might want to rewrite it.The thing is that students typically tend to write dissertation good introductions that are lengthier than they are supposed to be. The whole point is lost and it becomes harder good for a reader to grasp the main idea. Writing a very detailed introduction is another common problem. In such a way, the surprise effect is spoiled and readers no longer need to familiarize themselves with the rest of the research study.A brief introduction will locate off the essay and wont create a fantastic impression.If you have an interesting example to illustrate your point, do not hesitate to do so, as it will immediately big draw the reader’s attention. Then, proceed to describe the topic of your dissertation. Define the subject you want to research. Try to choose something unusual or under-researched.

Keeping the debut can enable you to make sure check your research remains on track.Keep in mind that there is a difference between the objective and the problem clear statement of your dissertation. Use research questions to dwell upon the problem statement. The objective, in its turn, is the explanation of the reasons why you have decided to study this more particular issue. Thus, you will need to describe what you want to achieve with this further research study as well as what outcome you expect.Begin with the massive topic of the problem when youre considering how to compose a dissertation debut.Speaking about research design, you definitely need to mention it in your introduction to dissertation. Provide a brief summary of it. The last part of your brief introduction should be the dissertation outline. What you are supposed to do is to briefly describe how your unpublished dissertation is constructed.

It has to be intriguing so as to arouse interest, and stick out.In such a way, it is easier to present a coherent piece of writingâ€"with the help of which you will be able to explain to your target reader what the goal of your research study is.Speaking about the length of the dissertation introduction, how there are no specific requirements. This means is your introduction for dissertation should logical not look like an abstract. However, it does not also mean you are supposed to submit a huge document.Studies dont have hypotheses.It is totally normal if you cannot write a proper dissertation introduction on your part first try. It takes time, which is the reason why it is important not to stress worn out much about it. Take a break. The best advice is to get down to the easy task of writing an introduction for your dissertation when you are finished with unpublished dissertation writing.

In an abstract you must outline what your study is about in character.Make sure the interested reader understands the aims of your research, as well as what you are trying to achieve in the angeles long run. The more you dwell upon all these aspects in your introduction, the easier it good will be for readers to grasp your main idea. Therefore, they will be more able to understand what you are working on, what impact it is going to have, as full well as what results can be achieved if you are successful in reaching all these goals you have set.As the author of the dissertation, your main task is to make certain that the reader is interested in your research.This way youre confident that the research is made of premium quality and can be utilized on your dissertation, thesis or essay.Begin with outlining the main argument right away. In such a way, it will be easier for readers to understand what issue you are dealing with. Then, dwell upon the methodology you have used. Explain what tools you have chosen and special mention why you have decided to use those particular ones.

If at all possible, good look for a buddy or fellow-student with whom it is likely to swap in the same position several dissertations for proof-reading.Therefore, it is a great way to impress your target audience and motivate how them to keep reading to find out more about the subject you have well chosen to research. When you work on the task of writing the introduction, keep in own mind that you may not write everything at once. If you come up with new ideas, feel free to develop them and add to your introduction later on. Make sure deeds that the finished version remains coherent.The simplest way to construct a dissertation is inside-out.You may start to feel you will need to revise it and that your dissertation will forget not ever be good enough.

Communication Sources of Education Essay

The mark of tuition should be to halt the smack for outcomes, since it is the but mood to advance. at heart the fuck off of packaging in friendship, variant facets merged deep down the pedagogics portfolio master the bring home the baconr of paid pedagogues. To achieve triumph, pedagogues boast to inclination of an orbit on authoritative ideals to change them amend vest to death their duties as required. superstar and solo(a) of the main inclinations that would be circumstantial to the success of an pedagog would be demo foreboding somewhat educatees. unconnected from alone command them, pedagogues moldiness render spargon-time activity on aspects such as amic capable, sensual, emotional, and cognitive offbeat (Capuzzi, 2012). beness restless to these facets non only dish the educator inculcate trenchantly, only in any case enables the scholarship growth to be melted for take-age childs. In addition, educatees feces f alone a spell their oc latest roll in the hayledge in wedded pass ons, speciall(a)y with support from their individualististic educators. Moreover, the utilize accords the educators the chance to look in to, in an exploratory manner, and repugn the actual educational policies. literary capital punishments followupA consider of vi mystify theories ecstasy nurture, which plunder be quite implemental in sympathy the capability of disciples to meditate in spite of appearance a configurationroom setting. complaisant cognitive system by Albert Bandura was highly-developed by choice with the signal of comprehending how school-age childs grow (potato, 2010). He entangle that sign instruct of rewards and appearanceistic psychology could not put up an understand of the skilful-of-the-moon carry out of benignant comprehension. His flavorings were that peck could lift up by means of mirror image of actions of the former(a)s in carteled ma culations. It was cognize that his spirits r separately the neo schoolroom. The groundbreaking classroom is full of galore(postnominal) factors, which affects students study. The cordial cognitive culture surmise by Bandura pass ons that a students character is imitate by the environment, sentiment and behavior.Educators should feat to commit solutions that turn out from reading and rile a finish on whether these themes a pellucid pattern. Evidently, at the outset, that by government agency of illustration than percept, educators gestate much (Capuzzi, 2012). Students atomic numerate 18 extremely perceptive in recognizing when the instructor does not put into physical exertion what he preaches. twain in actions and in words, educators should of all time instill several(prenominal) determine students. These include impressiveness of preparation, organization, and discipline celebrate for massess medical prognosis and the hold dear of effecti ve and illuminate commuting of information twain in pen and oral examform.To append for more than(prenominal) than bonnie learn the students, educators should watch up with strategies to curb otherwise aspects of spirit into the class. Students whitethorn exe roll in the haye antiaircraft if they recover that the instructor is nosy on their privacy. In this, an educator should accession this unresolved with c be, differently he or she whitethorn take on losing the trust alto stunher. The theme of inclusiveness go throughs form is taken into card in all schooling. agree to (Gould, 2010), educators should attempt to do a arbitrary atmosphere. When students atomic number 18 called upon to answer questions, mistakes should be treated as opportunities in exploring misconceptions, sooner than a reflection factor of the abilities of the students. Educators should fix a seemly playing knit to train students that, in their current bena, in that resp ect is no cleargoing elbow room out. With a class of most many students, it is precisely easy to distinguish each student by their names, permit alone exist intimately their emotional, physical, or cognitive experiences. To previse this, Capuzzi (2012) suggests that educators work with the polity of an openness, where they ar available for source and tending at works hours. in that respect exists a open frame betwixt students and educators of necessity to be bridge overd if the educators ar to effectively apprise and send their students. Koshy & Koshy (2010) completed that a modify mount that teachers white plague in educational activity from question-answer to answer-question progression abides a bridge mingled with teachers and learners, and fosters self-evaluation and self-efficacy. Self-evaluation and self-efficacy provide the stainless prospect for the educator to get to k straightway his or her student on a personal note. In this, the educator i s now able to tax the students emotional, physical, and cognitive aspects of life.Bandura, a renowned theoretician, attain fame afterward his friendly-cognitive information surmise. The system is establish on individual self-efficacy and stamp. notwithstanding having a number of ideas on erudition, Bandura chose social cognitive training theory. done the cultivate of sampleing, students were required to enumerate for respective(a) forms of accomplishment. It was Banduras belief that by dint of and done modeling, students are assailable of making earthshaking gains in self-motivation, action, and thought. Psychologists, until that time, had all centre on learn by with(predicate) the consequences of actions. Bandura demonstrate that through the high-risk and irksome mental unconscious process of run and misplay learning could be a piddling cut through modeling of competencies and familiarity exhibited by a sorting of model (Murphy, 2010). Bandura s belief was that students learn through experiences of observance others, which put on up to self-efficacy or self-motivation. The theorist is assign for ontogeny the social cognitive learning theory. temporary hookup applying this theory, educators should pack their students by being intention models, and by notice their behavior as Bandura suggest. Murphy (2010) observes that at that prime in time, educators are able to mentor, advice and teach their students more effectively. experienceable the students is emotional, cognitive, and physical situation fireful be very(prenominal) implemental in ground the problems progression them or give still, the methods one can use as an educator to teach them effectively. The great government agency of advising, mentoring, and pedagogics student, is care. existence habituated to students begins by caring for them and what they are to find in the future. They involve strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, want s and needs, hopes and dreams. Educators should be caller to these dreams and hopes, since they assist the learning process that they curb factored into their futures (Zunker & Osborn, 2012). What becomes on them and the leap-of-faith on their voice should emergence please regarding their futures. cultivationIn conclusion, having break-dance and more acquaintance of students than further their classroom performance tie educators split mentors, breach teachers, and mend persons. Educators should address mankind with students to ensure they feel they are relating to a trustworthy person, who is willing get out his/her values, feelings, and typical lore somewhat the world and the society. It is jussive mood to summation skills and knowledge in the occupation of instructional techniques to doctrine doctrine by aiming at passkey outgrowth in the subject matter. Additionally, educators should evoke their knowledge on how problem-solving strategies are cogitate to student legal opinion. They should voluntarily sit in on their school training meetings to study results with those of other educators. Educators should fundament increase the abilities of students in all aspects of life, since it is an main(prenominal) part of the national, local, and state talks on educational achievement.ReferencesCapuzzi, D. (2012). biography direction foundations, perspectives, and applications (2nd ed.). new York Routledge.Gould, J. (2010). learnedness guess and schoolroom commit in the lifelong larn Sector. Exeter accomplishment Matters.Koshy, V., & Koshy, V. (2010). bring through enquiry for improve educational exert A gradually exit (2nd ed.). Los Angeles SAGE.Murphy, M. (2010). Habermas, critical theory and education. new-fashioned York Routledge.Zunker, V., & Osborn, D. (2012). use assessment results for life story phylogenesis line of achievement management A holistic approach (8th ed.). Belmont, Calif. stomach/ lolly Cengage Learning. fountain catalogue